Can I claim compensation for misuse of my data?

The Act does not provide a statutory compensation mechanism for individuals. Penalties imposed by the Data Protection Board are payable to the Consolidated Fund of India, not to the affected individual. That does not leave you without remedy: separate claims may be available under other law, including civil action, and in appropriate cases criminal provisions such as Section 66C of the Information Technology Act, 2000, which addresses fraudulent use of another person's unique identification feature. Those are distinct routes from a complaint to the Board.