Which courts hear IP disputes in India?

IP suits are commercial disputes, heard by the Commercial Courts and by the Commercial Divisions of the High Courts with original jurisdiction. The Delhi High Court (since 2021) and the Madras High Court (since 2023) have dedicated Intellectual Property Divisions, and the Himachal Pradesh and Calcutta High Courts notified rules for theirs in 2024. These divisions also hear the appeals and revocations that the Intellectual Property Appellate Board used to handle.