Which laws did the Labour Codes replace?

The Code on Wages, 2019, the Industrial Relations Code, 2020, the Code on Social Security, 2020 and the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020 came into force on 21 November 2025 and replaced 29 central labour laws, including the Payment of Wages Act, the Industrial Disputes Act, the Payment of Gratuity Act and the Factories Act. Existing rules continue to apply to the extent they are consistent with the Codes while new central and State rules are notified.